Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Research Paper - 7

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Research Paper Example Assessments utilized for quantitative hazard appraisal of Polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons have not stayed up with the advanced investigative techniques thus capacity of location isn't guaranteed. In this way, regardless of the way that it’s conceivable to quantify these mixes in fish, there is no adequate data fair and square of harmfulness of these mixes known, accordingly can't be joined in human wellbeing hazard appraisal since there is vulnerability. Then again, bigger assortment of synthetically supplanted PAHs are normally occurring and may incorporate wellbeing dangers if human peoples are available to dangerous levels. Hence therefore, future exploration endeavors should target filling this toxicological hole, so that along these lines, human wellbeing hazard evaluation of PAHs in food can be suitably decided. This is essential on account of oil spills. (Simon, 2003) Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) has been tried in a scope of animal categories, among the creatures being rodents, bunnies, guinea pigs and rhesus monkey. The impact on the creatures from this lab testing was that, tumors have been seen in all the lab tests did on the little creatures. Along these lines the impact of BaP has been viewed as cancer-causing, when regulated by an assortment of courses, including diet, inward breath and intravenous. The cancer-causing nature of individual PAH and PAH-containing mixes in test creatures has been finished. This has been done with individual PAH in people however with no virtual information existing. These have shown expanded frequencies of disease to human populace uncovered. This finding completed demonstrating that various individual PAH are cancer-causing to exploratory creatures show possible cancer-causing to people. (Overton, 2003) Toxicological impact is another result which is as a came about after the test on the creatures. Serious hematological impacts have been distinguished in creatures after oral presentation to high dosages of PAHs. In vitro analyzes have

Examination of New Zealand’s Exchange Cures Free Essays

string(105) thought for a point, to new catchs, a fascinating articulation or exceptionally recognizable Sons or slogans. 1.Examination of NZ ‘s trade cures 1.1 Dumping and Anti Dumping Duty Dumping A direct definition is that product are dumped if their menu esteem when outside made into New Zealand is non absolutely their ordinary respect in the condition of menu. We will compose a custom exposition test on Assessment of New Zealand’s Exchange Cures or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The menu cost is the worth the merchandiser in New Zealand pays for the product. The conventional quality is the worth the stocks offer for in the condition of menu. These expenses are fit in with the ex-mechanical establishment degree in the condition of menu. On the off circumstance that the ex-mechanical establishment cost is non decisively the ex-plant normal quality ( after modification have been made to vouch the worth investigation is reasonable ) so dumping has occurred. Dumping is legal At a similar clasp where it hurts New Zealand shapers, obligations can be compelled to bring around the condition. These obligations must be constrained after a conventional investigation. Plans for an investigation are arranged down in the dumping and offseting Duties Act 1988. The Act meets New Zealand ‘s committednesss under the World Trade Organization Anti-dumping Agreement. It is overseen by our Trade Remedies gathering. The Act is expected to keep up reasonable rivalry for New Zealand shapers when the dumping antagonistic to dumping movement. ( Products that are trans-conveyed through Australia are non avoided ) . Dumping examination Utilize this application development to request us to explore the dumping of outside stocks. Your application causes us build if a full investigation is legitimized. You should give fitting proof to show that: †¢dumping is go oning †¢the dumping is hurting, or subverts to hurt, a family industry †¢your application has support from the private concern. Assessment The full investigation remembers concentrated pondering of the apt proof for the application, and wide social gathering of industry and trade data to make in the case of dumping is passing on injury. If there is sensible apt proof of injury from dumping, ephemeral advances can be constrained by the Minister each piece small as 60 yearss from the day of the month an examination was started. These means are used to keep up more remote mischief from go oning in the midst of the staying clasp of the examination. Inside 150 yearss of get bringing down an examination, our CEO is obliged to light totally contributed people of the facts and choices well-suited to development the premiss for any last finding. This offers contributed people a chance to note. Inside 180 yearss of the Begin of the investigation, the Minister must do a last finding of whether the dumping of imports is making injury to the private concern. Antagonistic to dumping Rules have been made sure about for us to study and choose singles out applications for value decreases of antagonistic to dumping obligation paid in abundance of the fringe of dumping. An outskirt of dumping is the separation between the customary worth and the menu cost. Antagonistic to dumping obligation ca n’t value decreases must be made for against dumping obligation paid in bounteousness of the fringe of dumping. Markdown requests must be supported by confirmation made by a shipper of the point fit to the protection from dumping obligation. If a merchandiser considers at that spot has been imperishable change to the fringe of dumping, they should in like manner see bespeaking reappraisal of the pace of obligation. Contact us for even more about the informations required for reappraisal applications. Evidence of normal quality a long clasp under extraordinary fortunes and trusting upon the outcome of an alternate review examination. On the off circumstance that a shield step applies for over a twelvemonth it is to be persistently changed in a mind-blowing midst time. The Ministry must undertaking to answer to the Minister about the shield investigation inside 75 working yearss of the day of the long stretch of start. If the neighborhood concern articulations for the heap of a fleeting security step or an ephemeral shield step is constrained, the Ministry must look for sensible endeavors to answer to the Minister inside 85 working yearss of the day of the period of initiation.The flowchart underneath gives a chart of the examination methodology and its Timg alt=[image] flowchart.= safeguard= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/articles/1646860.001.jpg temporary=/ Assessment The full investigation remembers escalated thought of the pertinent proof for the application document and an examination of far creation industry and trade data. The shapers doing up the New Zealand industry may likewise be passed by to confirm informations they have given on echt damage. If informations gave is seen as sketchy it may be insulted. At whatever point in the midst of a shield examination, a legal averment might be obliged to embracing any change or informations gave, in the way suited in Section 9 of the Oaths and Declarations Act 1957. The issues the Ministry must research incorporate the going with: †¢Whether extended imports have made or cripple to do echt injury. †¢Whether the extended imports were a direct result of unforeseen advancements. †¢Whether a shield step is of import to expect or bring around echt damage and to advance conformance by the New Zealand industry to extended rivalry from the extended imports. †¢If a shield step is vital: oWhich stocks should be able to a stage. oWhich step is fitting. oWhat is the fitting evaluation and length of clasp of the progression. †¢Whether the heap of a stage is in everybody association, which may incorporate thought of the going with: oThe likely suitability of a security step in helping the neighborhood concern. oThe various choices for a security step. oThe likely effect of a shield step accessible ( numbering on customers ) . oNew Zealand ‘s planetary dealingss and trade points. oThe basic noteworthiness of the worry. 2.Review of Newzealand ‘s IP plans including yet non compelled to Secured innovation ( IP ) is frequently the most beneficial asset recorded on a worry ‘ in addition to contemplate, so its sharp to acquire your alone IP all things considered as you would any of your physical assets. A thing of IP can be anything from an alone thought for a point, to new catchs, an intriguing articulation or particularly recognizable Sons or mottos. You read Assessment of New Zealand’s Exchange Cures in class Article models Each can give you game modifiers and requests to be guaranteed. 2.1Copyright security abroad Copyright is on an extremely essential degree non rather equivalent to various types of licensed innovation ( IP ) security in obvious radiation of the way that it exists the moment an alone work is made. In any case, how your New Zealand right of first distribution is managed abroad depends on upon the parts you passage to and the nature of their devotion to cosmopolitan gages. General copyright statute Copyright is all around recognized to be the particular option to utilize or O.K. others to utilize an alone spot of work. If you hold the privilege of first distribution on an alone work in a menu showcase, it infers you can pull off its: †¢reproduction †¢public executing †¢recording †¢broadcasting †¢translation. New Zealand takes partition in various overall right of first distribution misgivings and settlements. This suggests when your alone work is made in New Zealand, it is in like manner guaranteed here and under the privilege of first distribution Torahs in quite a while that are collecting to those fears. Novel plants made in other bit states are to boot made sure about in New Zealand under these planetary fears. Copyright in New Zealand Copyright is a term for the choose utilization of an alone work. In New Zealand it is mostly spoken to by the Copyright Act 1994, which communicates that privilege of first distribution certainty begins to be as needs be the point at which an alone work is made and settled. This suggests the work should be in excess of a thought. In any case, enlistment of right of first distribution is non required. No proper model for the enrollment of right of first distribution exists in New Zealand. A privilege of first distribution in New Zealand can keep up making a trip for up to 50 mature ages, dependent upon the kind of work it guarantees. Copyright taging Yet non required by statute, it is a shrewd plan to incorporate a privilege of first distribution bolt or recognize on your work in New Zealand. Utilizing a privilege of first distribution marker tells others that the work is able to copyright certainty and that quiet submission is non yielded for others to twofold the work or pull off it in some other way. A progressively careful notification perceives the holder and capacity behind inventive work. New Zealand is gathering to various overall concurrencies on right of first distribution that could affect on your work abroad. 2.2Patent A patent issues you prohibitive utilization of an innovation for up to 20 mature ages. It can transform into a significant concern asset that can be bought, sold, traded or approved like whatever different effects. Not every person needs a patent, by and by now and again holding one can: †¢help to get your anxiety in the future †¢create new detached entryways †¢provide the echt sentiments of rest that starts from cognizing your imaginative action ca n’t certainly be duplicated or taken. In a couple of ways licenses work a touch like security plans. What ‘s more, while its essential for most associations to hold made moves to

Hook Samples For Contrast Essay

Hook Samples For Contrast EssayHook samples for contrast essay help students to formulate an idea on what they want to say about a particular topic. These samples include literary, cultural and natural examples and help students understand the quality of an essay before writing it. Hook samples can also be used in effective revision to test students' understanding of the topic and guide them to the more appropriate way of writing the essay.Students should use these samples as sources to help them determine how to write their essay. The examples help the student identify how to compose the best sentences, paragraphs and links in order to get the desired effect. Hook samples for contrast essay allow students to decide on a good style and format for the essay.There are several hook samples for contrast essay that students can find online. Some of these are free, but some require payment or subscription. These samples may differ depending on the website that you want to visit. The sample essays vary and some have similar plots and themes while others are completely different.Some examples can be found in books and other publications. Some of these may not work for every writer because they may have specific needs that differ from others. However, they can still be useful in helping students understand the basic elements of writing an essay.The type of writing required for an essay varies with each person. A student may require different advice depending on what type of article or research paper they want to write. Hook samples for contrast essay can help them determine how to write an essay based on their individual writing styles.Essays can also be written by both the experts and the non-experts. These examples of essays help non-experts develop methods of writing a good essay. The examples also serve as samples of how to properly format the essay so that it can be published for publication.For students who need help writing an essay, the samples will provide guid ance and help to improve their writing skills. The essays can also be used in effective revision as it will help students see their mistakes and pick up the correct ideas. Writing an essay does not have to be difficult if students have the right examples to work with.All of the writers have the same goal in mind; to improve the quality of writing for their students through these samples of essays. Hook samples for contrast essay can help students refine their skills and make their essays as effective as possible. The sample essays can help writers develop their ideas in writing an essay and help them come up with the most effective essay for publication.

Mayan Architecture Tulum Essay - 2028 Words

Mayan Architecture The City of Tulum Outline I. Intro II. The Mayan Civilization A. Mayan Time Periods B. Mayan Territory C. Mayan Accomplishments D. Mayan Collapse III. Mayan Architecture A. Intro B. Tulum (Case Study) 1. Tulum’s History 2. Tulum’s Influences and Styles 3. Tulum’s Design a. Site 1. Economy 2. Social Class Orientation 3. Defenses b. Buildings 1. El Castillo 2. Temple of Frescos 3. Temple of the Wind 4. Temple of the Descending God 5. Temple of the Initial Series 6. House of the Haiach Uinic IV. Conclusion In world history, the Ancient Mayan Civilization was dubbed the â€Å"Greeks of the New†¦show more content†¦When the northern Maya were finally integrated into the Toltec society by A.D. 1200, the Maya dynasty finally came to a close, although some smaller cities continued to thrive until the Spanish Conquest in the early sixteenth century (Ruddell). Mayan Architecture Tulum lies on the coast of Quintana Roo, Mexico, which is on the eastern side of the Yucatan Peninsula. Tulum is different from most of the other Mayan cities because of its location, its defenses, and its time period. The name â€Å"Tulum† means wall, although that was a name given by Mayan descendants much later. The name Zama was most likely the original Mayan name. It comes from a modification of the word â€Å"Zamal† (morning), associated with the dawn (Mureiko). My visit to Tulum in the early morning was quite an experience and an amazing view. It is no wonder they named the city â€Å"morning.† The meaning of â€Å"Tulum† stands true however. The city is surrounded on three sides by a fortified wall that reaches heights of 16 feet at the doorways. The fourth side is a 40-foot high cliff that overlooks the Caribbean reef and ocean. Because the city was constructed on a cliff, Tulum was/is the only large and significant Mayan coastal city. Tulum was constructed during the Post-Classic Period (AD 925 – AD 1540), and was one of the last cities built by the Mayan people. It was constructed around the 12th century AD,Show MoreRelatedHistory, Tradition And Culture, Mexico1673 Words   |  7 Pagesindigenous people whose lifestyles are quite similar to those of their ancestors. In addition, many pre-Columbian ruins still exist throughout Mexico, including the ancient city of Teotihuacà ¡n and the Mayan pyramids at Chichà ©nItzà ¡ and Tulum. Reminders of the colonial past are evident in the architecture of towns like Taxco and Querà ©tar. HISTORY EARLY HISTORY The Olmecs, Mexico’s first known society, settled on the Gulf Coast near what is now Veracruz. Remembered for the giant head sculptures they carved

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to...

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms Many great literary novels have the protagonist, the main character of the novel, being portrayed as the hero. There are many different deeds and actions that can characterize a person as a hero such as saving someone from a burning house at the risk of ones own life. The main distinguishing characteristic of a true hero is self-sacrifice, whether it be scarifice of your own personal desires or ideals or sacrifice of physical well being to help others. There are a few novels in which the main character of the work does not exemplify the deeds and thought of a true hero. Two such works include Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of†¦show more content†¦After the second skirmish, the readers find out that he does indeed run from battle but thats not what makes him a non-hero. Its the fact that he tries to rationalize and justify his running. He says that his running is ... not a fault, a shameful thing; it was an act obedient to a law. He also uses nature to justify his running such as when he throws something at a squirrel and it runs away. Hes also egotistical when he says that his running away was done with dignity as compared to the others who ran like cowards. To make matters worse, after Henry is rejoined with his regiment, he lies about getting separated from the regiment and with the aid of a fradulent head wound, his story is not questioned by others. But Henrys mind is always full of thoughts of how to save himself embarrassment that he even stoops to thinking about blackmailing his friend Wilson with the packet of letters that were given to him. He now rejoiced in the possession of a small weapon with which he could prostrate his comrade at the first signs of a cross-examination. Another instance in which Henry acts unheroically is in the desertion of the tattered soldier. Henry could be juxtaposed to the tattered soldier to show how a hero should act. Unlike Henry who is always thinking about his self image, the tattered soldier, although he is shot and hurt himself, asks aboutShow MoreRelatedNazi Germany And The Nazi War11227 Words   |  45 Pages As with American boys, a German boy during the 1930’s, also had hopes and dreams of an optimistic future. It were these dreams which provided them courage and loyalty too. However, their optimism did not come from within their own imaginations. The Nazi government provided those hopes and dreams through forced indoctrination. In the 1930’s, membership of teenage boys in the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend or HJ) was highly encouraged. The German government promised parents that after graduationRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesdevelopments of Rastafarianism. For instance, very few modern religions have assumed such a signiï ¬ cant place in the mainstream of popular culture through the use of music. Marley is not seen as a religious ï ¬ gure; rather he is seen as a rock star, a pop hero, an icon. And yet his faith is at the core of his music. Rastafarians have dubbed Marley the psalmist and prophet of the movement. This is a crucial part of the wonderful complexity of the Rastafarian movement. Jamaica owes a great debt to the men

The Issue Of Client Relationships And Ethical Boundaries...

Brief overview of the dilemma. Obtain as much info as you can about the situation. i.e.who all is involved, varying perspectives. Unlike many other fields, in the human service field professionals use a lot of themselves in order to help those in need. Unfortunately, a lot of times this can lead to boundary issues, and the development of secondary relationships. These relationships can include nonsexual and legitimate interactions, many of which are unplanned and inadvertent, yet still have ethical ramifications. At times social workers’ ethical obligations conflict with their own personal morals or feelings. When these conflicts occur it iS the responsibility of the social worker to adhere by the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics and resolve the conflict in a manner that is in agreement with the standards, values and principles listed in the code. This paper will explore the issue of client relationships and ethical boundaries for those working in social work. 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Develop Literacy in Young Children Writing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Develop Literacy in Young Children Writing. Answer: Introduction Early Childhood Education is an education theory which is associated with educating children who are below the age of eight. While providing early childhood education, educators use different teaching strategies to develop the academic skills of the children. In this report, the lack of two academic skills of Harper and Madison are detected and effective teaching strategies have been evaluated in order to fulfill their requirements. Information and communicational Technologies (ITC) are also incorporated while developing the strategies. Apart from this, this report also contains the learning experiences of the mentioned students along with the importance and benefits of the ITC tools used in the proposed activities. Discussion Teaching strategy for Harper From the narrative written by Harper, it can be clearly understood that Harper is facing issues with spelling. Hence, in order to fulfill his requirement a teaching strategy has been designed for him where Harper will be given a writing activity which he will have the complete. In this activity he will be guided by the educator (Fellowes Oakley, 2011). The teaching strategy that can be considered to be appropriate for Harper for developing his punctuation skill is guided writing activity. Teaching Methods The first activity suggested for Harper to improve his concept of spelling can be called Look and Write activity. In this activity, the educator will let Harper watch the picture of an animate or inanimate object that will appear on the screen of the Interactive white board. Then he has to pronounce the name of the object. After that, he shall be asked to write down the name of the object on the board. If Harper writes the right spelling on the board, the color of the spelling will be green, otherwise, it will automatically change to red. In cases where, Harper will write the wrong spelling, he will correct the spelling taking help from the educator. As soon as the right spelling will be written on the Interactive White Board, the word will turn green. Another activity that can be suggested for Harper is Spelling Fun activity. In this activity, like the previous one, an object will display on the white board. Objects with complex spellings should be chosen for this activity. Once the object is shown, Harper will be asked the name of this object. In this step, he may need the help of the educator to identify uncommon objects. Once he successfully identifies the object, all the letters needed to spell the object appears on the IWB but in a haphazard manner. Now, it will be the task of Harper to arrange the letters and write it down on IWB, just under the object. Assessment instruments and practices The two major instruments required for this teaching strategy are the Interactive White Board and the Interactive dictionary. The sound recording system of the Interactive white board helps the educator to use the same word for teaching spelling again and again, the interactive dictionary helps the students to know the meaning of a difficult term easily, which in turn helps them to remember the spelling of that word. Learning Experience Through this interactive learning strategy, students like Harper will not only be able to learn the spelling of different objects, but this strategy will also develop their pronunciation and hearing capability. This activity will help Harper to learn reading and writing some high frequency words and other familiar words (ACELA1817). Besides that, this activity will help him understand that words are units of meaning and can be made of more than one meaningful part (ACELA1818). Considering the fact that this activity will ensure to fulfill the spelling requirement of Harper, the above mention activity will develop the concept of becoming in Harper (The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia, 2009). Teaching Strategy for Madison It can be clearly understood after reading the narrative written by Madison, that she is facing issues with grammar skills. In order to develop her grammar skills, sharing writing strategy needs to be implemented. In a sharing learning strategy, both the educator and the students participate in a particular task and try to solve the problem together (Fellowes Oakley, 2011). Teaching method Considering the fact that Madison is suffering from grammar errors while writing, a game named, Synonym Scramble, can be played with her to improve her usage of synonym and antonym along with the overall development of her vocabulary. The materials needed to play the game are some index cards, a paper in which the educator has written a good number of words along with their synonyms and two pens of two different colors. Few of the index cards shall contain a word written in blue pen and the other cards shall hold the name of the synonyms of the already written words, written in red pen. Finally all red and blue cards are piled separately and left as two hips of cards (Fellowes Oakley, 2011). The teacher will pick up a random card from the pile and call out the word written in it along with stating Madison which color of the card has she/he picked up. Madison shall search for the synonym of that particular word from the other pile of cards. Another game that can be suggested for Madison is Find the error Activity. In this activity, the Interactive White Board (IWB), an ITC tool, can be used for obtaining better learning experiences. A short story with several grammar errors will appear on the screen of IWB. Madison shall be asked to circle the errors present in the story. In cases where she circles the right error the circle will turn green, otherwise it will turn red. The educator will assist him with his work while needed. Assessment instruments and practices Apart from two pens of different colors and several number of index cards, the ITC tool used here is the Interactive white board. This ITC tool will not only make the activity more attractive to Madison, but will also ensure that Madison is circling the right error at one go (Leggett Ford, 2013). Learning Experiences Initially Madison may face problems while picking u the right synonym. However after two or three sessions of the game, she will be able to pick up the right card. This game will help her to learn synonyms as well as improve her vocabulary. The second activity will not only reinforce the concept of verb, noun and adverb in Madison but also will help her to learn correct sentence construction. With the help of the above mentioned activities, Madison will be able to recognize that texts are made up of words and groups of words that make meaning (ACELA1434). This activity will ensure the development of sense of becoming and belonging in Harper. Apart from enhancement of grammatical use, this activity will require group coordination (The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia, 2009). Description of the Instruments and Practices involved in the activity For the above mentioned activities, two of the most common he Information and communication technologies can be used. The first ITC tool used for the activities is Interactive White board. An interactive white board can be defined as a large interactive display, generally attached with the wall of the classroom (Leggett Ford, 2013). other ITC tool used for the above mentioned teaching strategy is an Interactive Dictionary. An interactive dictionary is generally used in classrooms in order to help children learn the meaning of difficult words. Digital dictionaries are general a device with a key board, a screen and a voice recorder. An individual can either type or pronounce the word whose meaning is to be known and the dictionary will automatically show the output on its screen. Features and benefits of Interactive White Board In this era of modernization, an Interactive White Board is considered to be very helpful to educators. This tool is considered to be an effective ITC instrument that improves learning, collaboration skills and communicational skills in children. It has been found that majority of the children at early childhood stage, learn more efficiently through visualization than through auditory lessons. Considering the fact that interactive white boards are all about visualization while learning, it helps the children to memorize their lesson easily. The above teaching strategy will help the both Harper and Madison to visualize the correct spelling and grammar. This in turn, will help them to memorize their lesson more easily. Apart from that, IWB also helped the educator to represent the activities to Harper and Madison in a fun way and with colorful pictures and attractive representation (Lingard, (2011). Features and benefits of Interactive dictionary Interactive dictionary will help the students to learn the meaning of difficult words. Since the children will have to listen to the meaning of the word pronounced by the machine, the whole process will enhance the hearing ability of both Harper and Madison. This device will also prove to be beneficial for both Madison and Harper, since it can also used to correct their spelling errors. Assessment for Harpers spelling improvement Considering the fact that for proper concept of spelling a word, it is very crucial to hear the word correctly. Hence, the first step to access Harpers spelling error will be to ask him to pronounce the word correctly. Secondly the above mention activities suggested for Harper will b performed and a good number of Harpers learning sample will be collected (Fellowes Oakley, 2011). Then, the words spelt by Harper will be collected separately and all the spelling error will be catagorised on the basis of the pattern of the spelling errors. Assessment of Madisons grammar Improvement For Madison, the first step to access her grammatical error is to have a conversation with her along with asking her some open-ended questions. It has been found that children are often more comfortable in answering questions verbally than writing activities (Fellowes Oakley, 2011). After the conversation, the mentioned activities are performed and several writing sample of Madison are collected. The next step involves collection of the error samples and categorizing them on the basis of similar type of grammatical error. Conclusion: From the above report it can be concluded that in order to fulfill the mentioned academic requirements of both Harper and Madison, the proposed teaching strategies can be implemented. Considering the fact that Harper has issues with correctly spelling words, regular sessions of the above mentioned activities which are referred to Harper needs to be performed. Since the chief problem in Madisons narrative is grammar errors, especially errors in proper usage of synonyms, the activities referred to Madison crucially concentrates on developing her grammatical skills. Finally, it can be said that the above mentioned activities will surely helped in the development of academic skills in both Harper and Madison if appropriately implemented. Reference List: Fellowes, J., Oakley, G. (2011). Language, Literacy and Early Childhood Education.Oxford University Press. Hedges, H., Cullen, J. (2012). Participatory learning theories: A framework for early childhood pedagogy.Early Child Development and Care,182(7), 921-940. Leggett, N., Ford, M. (2013). A fine balance: Understanding the roles educators and children play as intentional teachers and intentional learners within the'Early Years Learning Framework'.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,38(4), 42. Lingard, B. (2011). Policy as numbers: Ac/counting for educational research.The Australian Educational Researcher,38(4), 355-382. The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. (2009). [ebook] Available at: https://files.acecqa.gov.au/files/National-Quality-Framework-Resources-Kit/belonging_being_and_becoming_the_early_years_learning_framework_for_australia.pdf [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018].

Lord Of The Flies Essays (794 words) - Fiction,

Lord Of The Flies In the book ?The Lord of the Flies? the author uses the conch as a symbol of unity. At the beginning of the story the conch was spotted by a boy named Ralph who did not know what it was, but the other boy named Piggy sed that it was called a conch. Piggy had an idea to blow it to get other people on the island to come to them. After Ralph retrieved the conch from the lagoon Piggy showed Ralph how to blow it. His first couple of tries were weak, then he bellowed into it . The conch made a deep, harsh noise . After a few blows boys started to come out out of the jungle . The conch is what first united the stranded boys together. The author also used the conch as a sign of power, because after the boys were together they decided that they needed a chief so they chose Ralph because he used the conch to call the others to them. Ralph also used the power of the conch to quiet the boys . When he wanted their attention and for them to be quiet he would hold up the conch and wait for them to be quiet and pay attention. He also used it to call the boys back to camp. At the beginning the boys went out to look for water but by the time they found some Ralph had blew on the conch to call them back to camp . The conch was used by Ralph to call the boys to a meeting. During the meetings a person could only speak if they raise their hand and hold up the conch . At the meeting to discuss the fire Ralph blew on the conch to call them to the meeting . After everyone was seated Ralph lifted the conch for them to be silent then he began to explain that they were on an uninhabited island with no grownups so they would have to look after themselves . That's when Ralph made the rules about the conch at the meetings. He tried to boost there moral by making the island sound fun. In the book when Ralph notices that the conch has been paretically bleached by the sun and had become a creamy-pink color. The author used the fading color of the conch to show that the boys were growing apart. Because that's when you really notice that Jack holds no regard for Ralph's rules and rather go his own way. At the same meeting is when the little boy speaks out about a beast that Simon clames isn't real and the beast is inside man himself. Jack insists that they need to hunt more , but Ralph doesn't agree with him and instead he said they needed to build shelters incase another storm came like the one they encountered upon their arrival . Ralph also said their first priority is to get rescued and to get rescued they needed more smoke. But Jack still insisted they needed to hunt more. Jacks defiance shows that he will soon go his own way. Near the end of the book when the conch is destroyed and Piggy is killed by a huge boulder that was rolled down a hill at the castle rock by Roger. After Jack and some other boys split off into their own tribe . They set up camp at a place they called ?Castel Rock? . Piggy was upset that they had taken his glasses. So Ralph and Piggy went to go and get them back. Ralph told Piggy to get the conch to take it with them, as if he thought it still possessed power over Jack's tribe. When they got down there Ralph asked for Jack. When Jack came out Ralph told him to give Piggy's glasses back. After some arguing over the fire among other things Roger started tossing rocks down at them from the top of the castle rock. Roger still had one hand on the lever that was wedged under the boulder while he was throwing the rocks. Then Roger, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever and the boulder went crashing down the hill. The rock struck Piggy with a hard

Free Online Public Schools in Georgia

Free Online Public Schools in Georgia Georgia offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Georgia. Most programs are free to residents, but one program may require students to pay a fee. To qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: Classes must be available completely online.They must offer services to state residents.They must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, statewide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. Georgia Connections Academy This website for this online school notes that: Students throughout Georgia have the opportunity to thrive at Georgia Connections Academy Charter School, a tuition-free public cyber school. (The online program) gives students the flexibility to learn at home with an online curriculum that meets rigorous state  education  standards.   The school offers: A  curriculum  developed by leading education expertsInstruction from state-certified  teachers  experienced in  online instructionSupport from trained counselors, principals, and administrative staffCurriculum materials  needed to participate in a dynamic online learning environment Georgia Credit Recovery The Georgia  Credit Recovery Program gives students who did not initially succeed in obtaining course credit the chance to earn credit toward  graduation. The school notes that it provides: Flexible  schedulesComplete core courses, aligned to state standards, for which the student will demonstrate mastery before receiving a gradeSome elective courses The courses, however, are not taught by a teacher, and even though the program is publicly funded, students may incur a fee. Georgia Cyber Academy The Georgia Cyber Academy is for kindergarten through 12th-grade students and offers: Full-time, tuition-free online public educationSupport from state-certified teachersStudents a chance to earn college credit while in high school in select coursesHigh-interest courses that introduce a variety of possible careersA range of extracurricular activities Georgia Virtual Academy A tuition-free, online public school, Georgia Virtual Academy offers: Individualized  learning plans  targeted to each students strengths and weaknessesGeorgia-certified teachers who guide progress and tailor teaching to student needsAn advanced-learner programThe opportunity for qualified high school  students to earn college creditsField trips, social activities, and clubs  help students connect Georgia Virtual School Georgia Virtual School is sponsored by the Georgia Department of Educations Curriculum and Instruction Division. The program, operated in partnership with schools and parents across the state, offers over 100 middle and high school courses in the core content areas, world languages and electives as well as a number of AP courses. The school also has  online media and guidance centers The school also offers some flexibility in course schedules, including: For fall and spring, students can choose an 18-, 16-, 14- or 12-week  schedule.For fall and spring,  Advanced Placement  courses are only offered on the 18-, 16- or 14-week schedule.For summer, students can select either a six- or five-week schedule.

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun Control - Essay Example It is suggested that in a typical year, the possibility of murders committed by use of firearm is two out of three. Different demographic groups are affected by crime differently. Victims attributed to violent crime include; the low-income earners and those living in developed urban areas. Not only are the people in this kind of demographic division more likely to be the victims but also possibilities of them being perpetrators are also high as well. Repeatedly, the issues relating to crime are normally told in a statistical perspective rather than real life stories (Wilson, 2007, p. 2 & 3). Officials in elected posts opt for scare tactics rather than reasoning while dealing with the gun control issue. Opinions have been raised regarding the guns control issue with some of the opinion that gun control will reduce violence crime while others are of the opinion that gun control is unwanted interference into a citizen’s personal affairs (Wilson, 2007, p. 4). How has the gun indus try prevailed against additional strengthened gun control laws? The gun industry has employed various tactics to ensure that they remain in the market despite the numerous additional laws that are legislated for the sole purpose of controlling guns within the American community. Wal-Mart, which is regarded as America’s largest retailer of firearms, has been indicated to be intergrading with democrats as well as president Obama’s policies and in particular the health care reform bill. In support to the government’s reforms in the health care Wal-Mart suggested that it supported the notion that companies ought to contribute to its employees’ cost of health care. It is such moves in one way or the other create a soft spot on the government in regards to the firearm industry (Roig-Franzia, 2009, p. 2). The gun industry has also used sections of the existing laws to its advantage as indicated by Roig-Franzia. The mayors against illegal guns group is said to ha ve failed to repeal amendments brought forth by Todd Tiahart that prevented the bureau of firearms from sharing crucial information on the grounds of privacy. This kind of amendments only help to assert more market share to the gun industry as most of the clients will be willing to purchase a firearm on the basis that their privacy is guaranteed (Roig-Franzia, 2009, p. 2). Policies that restrict or control the use of gun have a dim future ahead as they are bound to fail according to the gun rights advocates. This is because most of the perpetrators of crime most of the time possess a firearm through illegal means that might include stealing or buying it from the black market. It is also suggested that by using the gun control, crime rate might rise, as the criminals will be confident while attacking their victims as the probability of the victim to be unarmed is high. In conclusion, these perspectives only increase the life of the gun industry even more (Wilson, 2007, p. 11). Accord ing to Bruce and Wilcox, the role of the Regan administration was minimal in the deliberation of gun control issues by the congress. The NRA on the other hand kept up extensive efforts to ensure Attorney General was neutralized in terms of his reserves to McClure Volkmer bill. It is the passage of the legislation in 1986 that indicated the NRA’s zenith influence especially on Capitol Hill. NRA campaigned vigorously in Washington D.C and its grass roots. The NRA is said to have

Do Smartphones Benefit Classroom Learning or Not Essay

Do Smartphones Benefit Classroom Learning or Not - Essay Example Many governments in the world today have acknowledged the importance of technology by either including it as a subject in its own right in the curriculum, or stressing its importance as a set of cross-curricular skills, usually ICT. Technology allows information to be presented more accurately and more attractively than by most traditional means, so that it engages the attention of the user. Despite having its benefits technology has its disadvantages and many people have pointed at them as reasons why smart phones are not good for class room learning (Academic Conferences Limited and Balcaen 159). The use of smart phones in classroom learning has its failures and benefits at the same time (Winebrenner and Brulles 214). However, the benefits certainly outweigh the failures. This paper supports the use of smart phones in class room learning by arguing on its benefits against its failures. The term smart phone is generally used to refer to more advanced cellular phone, whose capabiliti es outdo those of feature phones. Smartphones are primarily communication devices, but today, their functions have increased. Many schools today allow students to use their smart phones or other handled devices in the classroom. One thing people should not forget is that smart phones are not limited to classroom learning, but can also be used to do further research after class, making them very beneficial to learning. For example, smart phones have software’s such as cameras, which are extremely helpful for creating digital projects. Students today are always finding ways to get connected. For example, children of all ages now know how to use smartphones more than their parents. Research has shown that even at the age of three, some children learn how to use their parent’s smart phones. The Benefits of using Smart Phones for Classroom Learning There are many benefits that come with using smart phones in classroom learning. These include: a. Reducing boredom in classroo m learning People have argued that though smart phones reduce boredom in classes by making learning lively, students in this new age are highly motivated by technology and thus, tend to be very mischievous when the class is still in session. They tend to log-in social sites and instead of concentrating in class they, are busy exchanging non-educational materials leading to poor performance in academics Davies and Eynon point out that â€Å"opportunities to continue out-of-school uses of technology when in school have been limited or non-existent until quite recently for most young people† (1931). However, many are times that teachers look for ways to inspire or motivate learners in class. For example, one will find them opening doors and windows, also engaging the learners in singing so as to make them want to learn. Technology and in this case smartphones can play a key part in achieving this easily. It is very evident of how children of this new age are motivated easily by technology. A research done in 2006 suggested that â€Å"technology can have a positive impact on pupil’s levels of concentration, self-confidence, self-esteem, independence, and behavior† (Waugh and Jolliffe n.p.). b. Smart phones provide access to the curriculum for children with special educational needs Smart phones and especially those used by special needs learners, like any technology, are not cheap to purchase. In some schools, they are limited in meeting the needs of each and every student. This does not make learning any simple for such people, but rather, complicates their lives more and at the end, their goals are not achieved. Despite this, smart phones have

Online Buyology Essay Example for Free

Online Buyology Essay Descriptions of China’s economy are often paired with the best of accolades: promising, miraculous and meteoric, to name a few. But observers rarely use the words â€Å"fair† and â€Å"transparent† to describe the country’s business environment. One need not look far to see why: rampant corruption, preferential policies for state-owned companies, and copious red tape all prevent private enterprises from thriving. Yet out of this unequal playing field, e-commerce giant Alibaba and web portal Sina have created two of the fairest and most transparent business platforms in China. Alibaba allows individuals and companies to sell goods on its Taobao platform, giving vendors a set of standards and leaving everything else to their discretion. Weibo is similarly a free-for-all of Chinese expression, with the notable exception of controversial political topics. Both Taobao and Weibo have exploded since their founding and have maintained commanding leads in their respective fields. Taobao sales were US$58. 7 billion (RMB370 billion) in 2010 while Tmall, a site aimed at more developed brands spun off of Taobao in 2008, currently has about 55,000 vendors. And in the two years since Sina Weibo’s founding, the Twitter-like service has racked up 250 million users. â€Å"If you ask people, ‘Why you want to shop online? ’ I think many people will say that it gives transparency of pricing†¦ people look for convenience, people like more information,† said Phil Wei, China CEO of Export Now, a startup that allows US-based companies to list products on Tmall. â€Å"One thing [Alibaba founder] Jack Ma did is offer freedom to all these consumers and all these business units. † The free market The freedom to compete is giving rise to third-party service providers that could become some of the most dynamic companies in the Chinese economy. As has been the case with US tech giants Twitter and Ebay, Taobao and Weibo have both spawned an eco-system of third-party companies that provide related services, making the platforms practically an economy unto themselves. The type of third-party service providers surrounding the two platforms reflects the different aims of Taobao and Weibo. â€Å"Taobao is doing usiness transaction[s] while Weibo is media spreading information,† said Deco You, a Beijing-based analyst at iResearch, an online market research company. This discrepancy results in very different growth rates, said You. â€Å"The number of Taobao-related companies will increase much faster than those Weibo-related ones. † In addition to opportunities to sell goods, Taobao and Tmall offer business opportunities for subcontractors that provide services to vendors , such as store design, customer service, logistics and marketing. As a media platform, Weibo naturally lends itself to marketing companies, which began to emerge about a year after Weibo’s founding. Yang Xin, founder of marketing firm Weichuanbo, said he knows of at least 10 start-up companies that also specialize in Weibo, not to mention traditional marketing firms which have entered the arena. Despite these differences, doing business centered on either Taobao or Weibo is remarkably similar. The short lead times and relatively limited barriers to entry have resulted in fierce competition among many similar companies. Many of these third-party companies are quick to copy each other’s successes, a common tactic in China where enforcement of intellectual property rights is not as strong as in the West. But instead of knock-offs, the competition seems to foster flexibility. Weichuanbo has upgraded its software platform three times in attempt to stay ahead of copycats, Yang said. The companies also compete for the best online real estate on Weibo and Taobao. Taobao and Tmall sell ad spaces to the right of search results, although search results themselves are organic and depend on sales and consumer ratings. Weibo marketing companies commonly pay influential users to promote their products. Weichuanbo compensates about 200,000 users for their help, and Yang hopes that number will someday grow to 2-3 million. The instant feedback of web analytics also means that companies know immediately if they are falling behind the competition. If a user doesn’t like an attempt at viral marketing on Weibo, they are likely to say so or ignore it altogether. Shoppers on Taobao are just as quick to pass judgment. â€Å"Online, if a client comes to your store, if they stay longer than five seconds your store is not bad,† said Wei of Export Now. That means the chances they become frequent visitors will be significantly higher. But if [they stay] less than five seconds, they probably will not come back again. † Taobao- and Weibo-related companies also compete for unbridled optimism. Weichuanbo aims to have more than 300% in annual revenue growth within the next two years. Export Now expects to have some 300 US manufacturers selling through its service and US$1. 59-3. 18 million (RMB10-20 million) in revenue by the end of the year, up from virtually nothing at the present. The market will keep growing and the trend will continue in the next five to 10 years, and the expansion brings about more opportunities for third-party companies,† said Dong Xu, an analyst at research firm Analysys International. Yet growth in the Weibo community may not be sustainable. The government-led research center China Internet Network Information Center issued a report last month stating that new signups for Weibo began to slow in the second half of 2011. Weibo users nearly quadrupled from the end of 2010 to 250 million. With only 500 million internet users in China, however, continuing at that pace will be impossible. Although user growth will slow, there is still much money to be made. Spending on internet marketing is projected to grow to US$12. 5 billion (RMB79. 1 billion) in 2012, up from an estimated US$8. 1 billion in 2011 and US$5. 2 billion in 2010, according to iResearch. Marketing revenue in China is likely to continue growing quickly, said You of iResearch. Advertisers have only recently begun to shift online, attracted by ad space that is often more targeted and cost-effective than traditional print and TV advertising. Marketing and analytics companies can strive to grab more of that revenue by improving on underdeveloped technology and becoming more efficient, said You. Foreign companies with better technology and efficient operations could also enter the market, though they will still be limited by cultural barriers. Taobao and Weibo could also begin providing additional marketing services themselves. Taobao launched an internet marketing division in April 2010 called the Taobao Alliance, which quickly grew to have US$238 million (RMB1. 5 billion) in revenue, according to iResearch. This potential for new entrants means the market for third-party services is likely to remain highly competitive. Many companies that fail to keep up with the pace of innovation will undoubtedly be pushed out of business or be acquired by more successful competitors. But those that do innovate and survive will probably be among the most dynamic companies in China’s internet sector, regardless of the platform. As Wang Weili of Taobao marketing firm Shenzhen Fangwei E-Commerce puts it: â€Å"There might be other websites driving our business in the future. But where there are clients is where we will be. †

Nontraditional Traditions :: essays research papers

Nontraditional Tradtions We live in an age in which it is hard to spend time together as a family. Many families today wonder if having quality time together is a thing of the past. We are inordinately busy, for one thing, whether household bread-winners or college students. Also, the definition of family has changed. We are dealing with new definitions and characterizations of the idea of family. Some of us have traditional families. Some families have divorced, single, and/or remarried parents, creating a rather confusing family tree. Some people choose to live their lives alone, but may still be close enough to some friends to consider them family. Whatever the circumstances, many of us honestly don't know how to celebrate together. We may even see the word "tradition" as something stultifying and old, having no meaning for or application to us personally; something usually being forced upon us by someone who smells funny and is only seen on holidays. What all of this means is that we can no longer simply follow the examples of old. It is up to us to create new family traditions. Celebrating is not hard. We all know about celebrating and have some ways of doing it. The only challenge is to find new ways. Why do we need to celebrate tradition? It gives us something to look forward to and makes a formal statement that there are some things in life to be grateful for. The notion of honoring tradition is unsettling for some people; let alone creating new ones. We understand that we need something to add a sense of order and stability to our lives. But we are not sure about how to create our own traditions. We seem to think that traditions must be heavy and complex ideas that had been around for hundreds of years and will be around for a hundred more. In my opinion, this is not true. It need not be big or religious at all. I believe a tradition is something that you do once that feels good, so you do it again and again. The tale in Frost's "Mending Wall" can be viewed as an impromptu tradition. The two neighbors needing to repair the wall after the winter chill, find time to converse with each other about what's on their minds. For example, every Sunday my dad makes tea and puts out two cups, his and mine. I am used to this. If I had to reach in the cupboard to get my own cup, something would be wrong. As it is, I get up out of my bed, I go into

Organisation and management in the network era Essay

The following report contains a brief look into MAS holdings, the company’s history, how they have grown and developed and how they have succeeded in numerous ventures. The report then goes on to address the following questions: 1. Outline the key leadership issues confronting MAS Holdings. 2. In terms of this case, how can the CIO assist in gaining senior management support for IT initiatives? 3. In reviewing an organisation of your choice, discuss the role played by the CIO and CEO when leading an IT initiative within their respective company An introduction to MAS Holdings Markets: MAS holdings, which was established and led by progressive and visionary leader Deshamanya Mahesh Amalean, MAS Holdings pioneered and perfected the manufacture of garments including fine lingerie in Sri Lanka. The company started with a single factory and staff of 60, today MAS Holdings now is one of Sri Lanka’s largest apparel manufacturers. They produce apparel, performance wear and swimwear in the world with a net $1 billion annual turnover. MAS Holdings now has 38 world-class apparel facilities that spread over 14 different countries and employing more than 55,000 people, they have grown from a small company to an international powerhouse in manufacturing due to their sound business model and visionary, diverse development. MAS Holdings are not only the leading strategic partner for Victoria’s Secret (VS) but also effectively serve numerous global brands including Triumph International, Marks & Spencer (M&S), DIM Branded Apparel, Nike, Speedo, Adidas, Reebok, GAP and Banana Republic. The for mentioned companies are known for quality and excellence throughout the world and this is in many ways attributed to MAS Holdings dedication to their brands and commitment to provide an excellent service to their customers. Design and product development has evolved to become a key part of the business – an area in which MASHoldings has excelled. In addition to working with traditional vendornetworks, concepts and design briefs in order to create new product ranges, MAS Holdings also works to create new technology and products that will be a source of competitive advantage, this is done in a bid to redefine the industry Innovation is second nature to MAS Holdings. From working with Victoria’s Secret on fast replenishment models to lean manufacturing with rapid product changeovers, the company’s fully-integrated model allows it to innovate across the value chain. Products MAS Holdings comprise of four business units: MAS Intimates, MAS Active, MAS Fabrics and MAS Investments, a separate non-apparel business. The MAS Holdings Intimates department designs and manufactures niche-market lingerie for high-street fashion retailer and brands, while MAS Active supplies leading brands in competition sportswear. MAS Fabrics, made up of manufacturing facilities for elastics, warp-knit fabric, lace, intimate apparel accessories and moulded bra cups, it is here that we see many of the innovative products MAS Holdings produce coming together. MAS fabrics also complements the Intimates and Active divisions. Through the integrated business model, MAS Holdings innovates new and exciting solutions from state-of-the-art silicon-embedding technology toorganic and fair-trade products. Some innovative products include the Speedo Fast SkinFS-Pro swimsuit which was controversially worn at the2004 Olympics, and subsequently banned. Another innovative product produced by MAS Holdings was the Nike Revolutionary Support Bra – the highest-selling sports bra in the USA – worn by international tennis playersand athletes. In 2007, MAS Holdings launched its own intimate apparel brand, Amantà ©, which targets the Indian market. MASInvestments oversaw a diversified portfolio of investments including the development of integrated apparel and fabric parks in the region, retail and outsourced information-technology services. The divisions are brought together under a common vision and corporate governance by MAS Corporate Solutions.A successful spin off from the apparel market was MAS Investments which include two IT consulting companies, the Corporate Branding and Retail unit and a diversified investment portfolio. A brief history review shows that in 1990, Mast Industries entered into a joint venture, setting up shadow line. The next big leap for MAS Holdings came in 1992 when it entered into a joint-venture partnership with Triumph International and Mast Industries to set up Bodyline, which continues to be its single largest plant for manufacturing intimate in the area. Slimline, a company which emerged in 1993 as a joint venture with Mast Industries and Courtaulds Clothing (UK), has been a key sourcing arm of M&S and went on to establish benchmarks for excellence in employee relations and put MAS Holdings firmly on the global map. The first overseas venture for MAS Holdings was Linea Clothing in the Maldives in 1996. Since then, the group has continued to make strategic investments overseas with operations spanning five countries. MAS Holdings initiated vertical integration within the Sri Lankan apparel industry with its joint venture with Mast Industries and Charnwood Elastics (UK) to establish Stretchline, the country’s premier supplier of elastics, in 1996. Stretchline is now a globally recognised brand for narrow performance elastics with a global manufacturing base. A partnership with NoyonDentelles of France in 2004 created South Asia’s first lace manufacturing facility, Noyon Lanka. Joint-venture partnerships with Prym Intimates (Germany), Dogi International FabricandTextprint SA (Spain) consolidated the regional supply base for intimate apparel accessories, warp-knitted fabrics and fabricprinting capabilities. This diversity in the supply chain has helped position Sri Lanka and the regional centre of excellence for apparel and sportswear. MAS Linea Aqua, a partnership concern with Speedo International, is one of the first dedicated swimwear plants in the world excelling in performance swimwear. As previously mentioned, it has been MAS Holdings dedication to innovation that has propelled it to the forefront of its industry. Q1. Outline the key leadership issues confronting MAS Holdings. As mentioned above, the history of MAS Holdingshas played a role in key leadership issues that confront MASHoldings today.There are several key leadership issues confronting MAS Holdings. Due to the diverse nature of MAS Holdingsoperations and its decentralised structure, it would be difficult to have a specific company- wide leadership in place. Malesh Amalean, chairman of MAS Holdings has to deal with the vertical integration of MASHoldings. At the beginning, he succeeded in creating his own company and orienting its company strategy to an export-oriented strategy. First, he managed to secure contracts with European and American retailers such as C&A or Calvin Klein. Secondly, he organized a first joint venture with a big American retailer, MAST, which allowed him to gain his first contract with Victoria’s Secret and a strong reputation in women’s lingerie manufacturing. Unfortunately, the sudden increase of work for thecompany led to some leadership problems,the need of seasoned professional managers. MaleshAmalean has to lose a part of his control over the company by sharing his control over the business to young and unknown managers. He has to trust them in order to take advantage of this situation. The next joint ventures, with Triumph, Noyon or Sara Lee, amongst others, have further increased the issue of control and trust. Although MASHoldings can continue to develop while being part of a large company, they must learn to adapt and compromise to suit partner firms. This may involve accepting new systems, processes and procedures such as the ones instituted by Triumph. However this deal was not one sided as MAS Holdings had to learn to share their own technologies and knowledge with their partner. This can lead to some loss of control within the company if not managed correctly. In order not to lose too much power, MAS Holdings was only signing joint-ventures with companies in which they established a trusting relationship, with strong dialogue and a personal relationship, they also protected themselves by never committing 100% of their production capabilities to one particular company. Furthermore, the company clearly outlined in each contract that MASHoldings were responsible for managing the businesses from taking the order stage and MASHoldings also clearly defined the responsibility of each participant in the joint-venture. This specific repartition of tasks allowed MAS Holdings to build a specific structure for all their different tasks which they maintained a desired level of control over. Due to a desire to succeed with this new decentralized structure; MaleshAmalean made a decision to allocate leaders to each structure, segmenting the leaders from each other. MAS Holdings run the risk of deviating from its core business model as a result of this. This is one of the reasons why MAS Holdings managed to deploy its IT systems to improve knowledge sharing and information management capabilities across the organization. As the company develops and grows, they are faced with the issue of loss of control. They attempt to counteract this by implementing strategies to prevent it. Q 2. In terms of this case, how can the CIO assist in gaining senior Management support for IT initiatives? The Chief Information officer (CIO) of an organisation is the person responsible for the information technology and computer systems that support the organisation’s goals and objective (TechTarget). This position is intended to bridge the gap between information technology and the business. It is an evolving role related to performance, evaluation, and turnover. For IT initiatives to be successful, a team approach is essential at the senior level in the organization. Therefore the CIO must try to provide a link between the IT department and the company’s senior managers (Hunter, 2010). The following paragraphs would discuss ways the CIO can assist in gaining senior management support for IT initiatives in MAS Holdings. Communication At MAS Holdings, the senior management is aware of the flexibility and competitive advantage IT initiatives can bring to the organisation in a rapidly changing market. However, to assist in gaining senior management support, communication is key. The CIO must communicate in the language of business, as this is important to enable the senior management make IT funding decisions as well as strategic and business decisions. Therefore, the key information on what the IT project will enable MAS Holdings to accomplish should be stated in clear, concise, and real business terms. Stating the alignment with strategies and objectives Information technology and business alignment refers to demonstrating concise business related value from IT and coordinating the capabilities of IT with the objectives of the organisation (Hunter, 2010). In order to do this, the CIO needs to understand the strategies and objectives of MAS Holdings. Strategies of MAS Holdings include a coalition of companies, Backward Vertical Integration, and streamlining the supply chain. The specifics of potential IT initiatives should be clearly stated and explained how it may be strategically applied to accomplish the MAS Holdings’ goals and objectives. In cases where IT projects are not aligned, but may still be important, the CIO needs to tell senior managers why and how. Alignment is usually facilitated through communication. Specifying the anticipated benefits Usually senior management do not specifically care about the technology itself, but how it would enable the organisation accomplish its goals. MAS Holdings work with a coalition of companies, so apart from competitive advantage, IT initiatives would provide a transparent model which allows information and knowledge to flow within the MASHoldings group companies and through the value chain, from customer down to various suppliers. This would make the retail business more efficient; cost competitiveness and speed would be enhanced, while providing flexibility. MAS Holdings biggest customer, Victoria’s Secret needed to shorten the concept-to-market time of its products. An ERP solution would help produce a demand-planning system that would have â€Å"the right product on the shelf at the right time†. Showing the focus on MAS Holdings’ top priorities The CIO must understand the organisation’s priorities, and the identified IT initiatives must address these priorities. MAS Holdings priority is to understand how each of their partners work, what is important to them, and what their expectations are. Therefore in order to gain senior management support for IT projects, the CIO should show an understanding of the culture of the MAS Holdings and its partners, and to provide the IT solution that would support that. Q 3. In reviewing an organisation of your choice, discuss the role played by the CIO and CEO when leading an IT initiative within their respective company. The company we have chosen to review is Marks and Spencer. We feel this is a specifically good fit as they fall under the MAS Holdings umbrella of brands. Marks & Spencer CEO Marc Boland: Marc Bolland, originally from Holland is the current CEO of Marks & Spencer’s. He was noted in 2010 as one of the most influential people in business and in 2011 he was named as â€Å"most admired business leader† in the UK by Management Today magazine. He worked for Heineken and Morrison’s before Marks & Spencer’s. When Marc took over at Marks and Spencer in 2010, he faced the challenge of improving sales and increasing profits. His aim was to do this through using the most up to date and innovative technology. Marks and Spencer set Cheshire Oaks as their flagship technology store. â€Å"Cheshire Oaks is the first Marks and Spencer store to make extensive use of all the latest technology and innovations in multi-channel to create an enhanced, more convenient and inspirational customer shopping experience.† The Cheshire Oaks and subsequent stores have adopted and utilised technologies : HD screens throughout the stores showcase the latest looks offered. Browse and Order screens allow catalogues be viewed and ordered from. Staff equipped with iPads to assist customers with item searches Leading technology such as the ‘Virtual Makeover’ and ‘Duvet and Pillow Selector’ keep Marks and Spencer at the forefront on technology. QR codes and free customer Wi-Fi also feature throughout the store. It is essential that Marc Boland works with the CIO when he is implementing or improving any information technology process or policy. Collaboration between CEO and CIO is essential. Marc’s role is to approve of and support IT initiatives. Backing the technology and using his expertise and resources efficiently will help any implementation succeed. Marc must be an informed leader and ensure that the team and himself keep up to date with the constantly changing world of E-Commerce and technology. Being an informed leader will help Marc in his role of ensuring Marks & Spencer’s keep up to date with their competitors. Customers value and demand the newest and most up to date technology. Providing services that meet the demand is a key role in Marc’s goal of improving the situation Marks & Spencer found themselves in when he acquired the C.E.O. role. Marks and Spencer CIO – Darrell Stein Darrell Stein is CIO of Marks & Spencer’s and he plays a crucially important role in leading I.T. initiatives throughout the organisation. Although Chief Information Officers will always be involved in I.T. initiatives, Steins vision, enterprising spirit and ambition ensure many successful I.T. projects under his tenure. Stein is the key man that led I.T. change within Marks & Spencer resulting in it being a very successful organisation today. Stein was initially brought in as an I.T. director with some responsibilities for logistics, however he moved away from the logistics side so he could give his full attention to I.T. Using his knowledge and experience, he shortly found himself overhauling the I.T. systems company wide, no easy task for an organisation with over a thousand stores and almost  £10billion in annual revenue. Stein learned lessons from recent high profile disasters in the retail sector, and his approach is to look at all aspects of a project while planning the project, he is also involved in getting the right people in place and employs a tactic of not moving too fast, his successful techniques have been proven with the high success rate of projects which he has co-ordinated. Crucially, he also realises how much that I.T. projects which don’t work, hurt the organisation on a day to day basis. Perhaps the most rewarding I.T. initiative that Stein was a leader in implementing was the roll out of SAP software within the company. SAP was initially rolled out in the finance department, and after its initial success, it was expanded to other departments within the core business system. Stein’s role was to justify the implementation of the software, as well as convincing the board at M&S that the heavy initial investment in SAP would lead to a bottom line benefit to the company and overall cost savings in the long run. Stein also faced a challenge in integrating SAP into the existing business process and his full support and backing of the I.T. project was key to its success. When Stein initially rolled out the SAP system in the finance department it led to instant savings. Stein cut M&S’s procurement spending by a quarter as a direct result of the implementation of the SAP system (TechRepublic, Top 50 CIO). Due to its success in the finance department, Stein rolled out SAP systems to other business areas including HR, supply chain and the foods division. This wide scale roll-out became part of a â€Å"2020-Doing the right thing† initiative which in essence, is an I.T. &supply chain overhaul that cost  £400million in 2011 alone (M&S completes first phase of 3 year SAP rollout, 2010).Steins role in this long term project is key and he is the catalyst for I.T. change within M&S. Stein was also integral in pushing through the I.T. change projects with the goal of lowering overall company operating costs. His ethos â€Å"of not seeing himself as a technology person, but as a business person who utilizes technology to benefit the company†, has been fundamental to M&S and its rebranding strategy of â€Å"more for less†. Stein helped reduce running costs through implementing I.T. initiatives, and this led to money being freed up within the business and being invested in other sectors, such as business development projects. It is clear that Darrell Stein has been a fundamental player in leading I.T. initiatives in M&S and his reputation both within the company, and the wider business world, mean the decisions he takes are looked at with optimism and excitement from his colleagues, and with caution from his competitors. Stein has tried to focus on building the trust and strong relationship the M&S brand has with its customers, he sees this as key to keeping â€Å"sticky† customers, whose return business is vital to the company’s continuous success. He has done this through developing feedback channels with customers through more interaction, he has also focused on building the e-commerce aspect of the business, and it is largely due to the measures Stein implemented that M&S has achieved 75% annual increase in its online sales turnover. Stein is now in a position within M&S where he has contributed to them becoming market leaders through, in part, his leadership in pushing through I.T. projects. As mentioned above, it is imperative that Darrell Stein works in harmony with Marc Boland to ensure that two of the most influential men in the company work together to achieve organisational goals. Key to the pushing through effective I.T. initiatives in M&S was the close professional relationship Boland and Stein had. Both men regularly communicated with each other about implementing change and integrating the I.T. into the business model. The rich communication channel reinforced any project the men were involved in and made the implementation of technology very smooth. All scenarios involving the new technology would have been talked about prior to its implementation. Communication was a key factor to success in many projects such as the introduction of the â€Å"virtual makeover† application. Boland and Stein were also both innovators, they looked to set themselves aside from competition through innovative thinking and applying new techniques in the retail sector. Having a CEO and CIO with such a good relationship was essential to some of M&S’s innovative approaches as technology was a key tool used in implementing the change. One such project was the introduction of M&S TV online, which promoted customer interaction with the overall aim of boosting sales. M&S TV pioneered many of the campaigns you see today, for instance, they were first to do a video on â€Å"where does the milk on the shelves come from? Meet the farmer†. These videos made the customer believe they are shopping local and such ads can be seen today by firms such as McDonalds, for their beef, and Supervalu for their produce. The dedication both men had to their jobs was also crucial to many successful projects. Both men had a passion for what they were doing and firmly believed all measures they put in place were for the benefit of the company. In conclusion, we feel both Marc Bolland and Darrell Stein added to Marks and Spencer’s success, and their co-operation and partnership has boosted innovative techniques and introduced new technologies to the firm. References: If necessary – answering a question so not sure? -TechRepublic, CIO 50 most influencial, innovative tech chiefs. www.techrepublic.com/cio50/Darrell+Stein/6385891/ -â€Å"M&S completes first phase of three year SAP roll out†, Leo King, Computerworld UK, published May ’10- www.computerworlduk.com/news/applications/20416/marks–spenser-completes-first-phase-of-three-year-SAP-rollout/ References Brief: How can CIOs improve their presentations to senior management? URL: http://www.rms.net/lc_briefs_cio_present.htm Hunter G. (2010) The Chief Information Officer: A Review of the Role. Journal of Information, Information Technology, and Organizations TechTarget: Definition of Chief Information Officer (CIO). URL: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/CIO .Watson.N,Story.J. (2006).MAS Holdings: Strategic Corporate Social Pesponsibility in the Apparel Industry.3-4.02/2006-5340 2.Various(Author)(2007).Business Superbrands.54-55.UK:Superbrands Ltd View as multi-pages

Training And Testing Of Water For The Local Existing...

selected and mobilised to participate successfully in the survey. This success is the result of the involvement and support from the local existing network and the mobilization of community participation. In addition to the participation of farmers, the enthusiasm and participation of commune health and veterinary workers in undertaking the Coliplate tests was also considered as a success of the field activities; on-farm water sources for drinking were sampled and tested on by the 20 trained the community health/veterinary workers in the two provinces. Key public health messages relating to microbiological quality of water, and recommended options for on-farm water security were also part of the training for community health/veterinary†¦show more content†¦The challenge relating to the custom procedures for the importation of water testing was also due to the unclear of administrative procedures. The field investigator wanted to import the water testing without paying import tax as the water tests were not for profit. However, in order to be exempted from import tax, it requires a formal signed agreement between a local origination and a foreign organisation indicating that these tests are not for profit, the approvals at ministerial level on the formal signed agreement. Because a formal signed agreement and a ministerial approval are not available for the field research, the importation of the Coliplate tests is not exempted from importation tax. The field investigator decided to pay tax to import the water tests in time for the implementation of the field activities, and explore ways to pursue tax claim later on. The local partner has helped the field investigator to contact with Ministry of Finance for claiming the import tax return of the water tests. 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